对个人的外汇管理施行细则(附英文)
国家外管局
对个人的外汇管理施行细则(附英文)
国家外管局
一、为贯彻执行《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第三章的规定，特制定本细则。
二、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，收到由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇，必须结售给中国银行；对每笔人民币三千元（含三千元）以上的大额汇款，允许留存10％的外汇。
上述结售给中国银行所得的人民币，都可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
三、居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇，以及在中华人民共和国成立后和回国、回乡定居后，在外国或者港澳等地区继承财产所得外汇，委托中国银行调回境内的，允许留存30％的外汇；
其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
居住在中国境内的外国侨民和无国籍人，委托中国银行调入其存放在境外的外汇或者调入其继承境外财产所得外汇，留存比例比照上款办理。
四、华侨、港澳同胞等在回国或者回乡定居时，携入或者汇入的外汇，在入境后两个月内向银行申请，允许留存30％的外汇；其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
上述携入外汇的留存申请，须提供海关申报单才能办理。
五、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员公毕返回，必须将属于个人的工资、津贴等剩余的外汇及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；凭我驻外机构证明，允许个人留存。
六、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区学习的留学生、实习生、研究生、学者、教师、教练和其他人员，在境外期间收入外汇的剩余部分，在返回时，必须及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；其中属于个人应得的外汇，凭我驻外机构证明，允许留存。
七、个人的发明创造、著作等在境外发表、出版和以个人名义出境讲演、讲学，或者向境外报纸、杂志、专业刊物投稿等所得的出版费、版权费、奖金、补助金和稿费等外汇，必须及时调入境内，不得存放境外；按照国务院和有关部委批准的有关规定，或者经国家外汇管理总局同意，
属于个人应得的部分，允许留存。
八、上述各条规定允许个人留存的外汇，必须存入中国银行。该项外币存款，可以汇出境外，也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外；如兑换人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。但是，不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
个人留存外汇的务理，不得违反《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第四条第二款的规定。
九、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，存放在中国境内的外汇，允许个人持有。但是，不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境；如需出售，必须卖给中国银行，并比照本细则第二条的规定办理。
十、来中国的外国人，短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞，应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工，以及外籍留学生、实习生等，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以凭海关原入境申报单汇出或者携出境外。
十一、应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工，需要申请汇出或者携出外汇，由中国银行按照合同、协议的有关规定办理。
十二、本细则经国务院批准，由国家外汇管理总局发布施行。(附英文)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL RELATING
TO INDIVIDUALS
(Approved by the State Council on December 31, 1981, promulgated
by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on December 31,
1981)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to implement the provisions of Chapter
III of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
When Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China,
receive foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions, they must sell it to the Bank of China; they
shall be permitted to retain 10% in foreign exchange of each single large
remittance that is equivalent to 3,000 yuan or more in Renminbi.
All owners shall enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas
Chinese remittances with respect to the Renminbi that they receive through
sales of foreign exchange remittances to the Bank of China as mentioned
above.
Article 3
When entrusting the Bank of China, to repatriate the foreign exchange that
was kept in foreign countries or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by
Chinese residing in China prior to the founding of the People's Republic
of China, by overseas Chinese prior to their returning to and settling
down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots prior to their
returning to and settling down in their native places, and to repatriate
the foreign exchange received by inheriting property in foreign countries
or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by Chinese residing in China after
the founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese after
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots after their returning to and settling down in their native
places, the owners shall be permitted to retain 30% of the foreign
exchange; as to the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is
converted, the owners may enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for
overseas Chinese remittances.
Foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China, when entrusting
the Bank of China to repatriate foreign exchange that they have kept
abroad or that they have received by inheriting property outside China,
shall be permitted to retain a portion of the foreign exchange in
accordance with the percentage as stipulated in the preceding paragraph.
Article 4
When overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, etc. return to
and settle down in China or in their native places, they shall be
permitted to retain 30% of the foreign exchange that they remit or bring
into, if they apply to the Bank within two months after their entry; as to
the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is converted, the owners may
enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas Chinese
remittances. The application for permission to retain a portion of the
foreign exchange brought into as mentioned above can be made only on the
strength of the relevant Customs declaration form.
Article 5
When personnel sent by the State to work in foreign countries or in Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions return home upon completion of their
missions, they must promptly remit or bring back to China the remaining
foreign exchange from wages, allowances, etc. that belongs to them, and it
shall not be kept abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign
exchange on the strength of certification issued by Chinese organizations
stationed abroad.
Article 6
Students, trainees, postgraduate students, scholars, teachers, coaches and
other personnel who are sent by the State to study in foreign countries or
in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions must, upon their return, promptly
remit or bring back to China the remaining amount of the foreign exchange
that they have received during their stay abroad, and it shall not be kept
abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive, on the strength of certification issued by
Chinese organizations stationed abroad.
Article 7
The foreign exchange from fees for publication, copyright royalties,
awards, stipend, author's remuneration, etc. earned by individuals for
publications of their inventions, writings and the like abroad, for
speeches and lectures made in their own names outside China, for their
contributions to foreign newspapers, magazines and specialized journals,
etc., must promptly be repatriated and shall not be kept abroad;
individuals shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive according to the relevant provisions approved by
the State Council or the ministries or commissions concerned, or with the
approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control.
Article 8
The foreign exchange that individuals are permitted to retain under the
preceding Articles must be deposited with the Bank of China. Such deposits
in foreign currency may be remitted abroad or may be taken abroad on the
strength of certification issued by the Bank of China; if these deposits
are converted into Renminbi, the owners may enjoy the relevant
preferential treatment for overseas Chinese remittances. However, these
deposit certificates may not, without authorization, be carried or sent
out of China either by holders or by others or by post.
The foreign exchange retained by individuals may not be dealt with in
violation of the provisions in paragraph 2, Article 4 of the Interim
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China.
Article 9
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession the foreign exchange already
in China. However, such foreign exchange shall not, without authorization,
be carried or sent out of China by owners or others or by post; if the
owners need to sell the foreign exchange, they must sell it to the Bank of
China, and the matter shall be handled by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 2 of these Rules.
Article 10
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff and workers
engaged to work in China, and by foreign students and trainees, etc., may
be kept in their own possession, may be sold to or deposited with the Bank
of China, or may be remitted or taken out of China on the strength of the
original Customs declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 11
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within China need to apply for remitting or taking
abroad their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter
in accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts
or agreements.
Article 12
These Rules shall be promulgated and put into effect by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control upon approval by the State
Council.
1981年12月31日
泡腾片药品专利侵权案分析
——兼析专利侵权诉讼战略及专利权利要求书及说明书撰写
作者：储涛 单位：北京盈科（武汉）律师事务所
第一部分：案情简介
【基本案情】
专利权人赵某拥有名称为“双唑泰泡腾片剂及其方法”的发明专利（申请号为：94113612.3），申请日为94年12月9日。2006年赵某发现天方药业公司（以下简称“天方公司”）生产的双唑泰泡腾片涉嫌侵犯该专利权，赵某于2006年底向天方公司发警告函，告知天方公司生产的双唑泰泡腾片涉嫌侵犯其专利权。天方药业公司收到警告函后未作处理。2009年9月10月，赵某将天方公司诉至山西省西安市中级人民法院。
赵某提供的主要证据：1、专利说明书、专利证书及最近一年缴纳专利费的票据；2、公证书，证明其购买了天方生产的双唑泰泡腾片（含药品说明书）；3、国家药典委员会证明，药典委员会从药品命名原则认为天方生产的双唑泰片与赵某所在公司生产的泡腾片是同一种药品。
天方公司提供的主要证据：1、天方双唑泰泡腾片研究资料及文献，证明天方生产的双唑泰泡腾片组分及含量；2、药品生产许可证、药品注册批件及相关附件，证明生产涉案药品取得了国家相关许可；3、涉案专利无效审查决定及赵某意见陈述，证明赵某对其专利的创造性在于“泡腾剂辅料的含量仅0.32～0.38g”；4、专利申请日之前相关技术文献，证明申请日之前与涉案专利相关药品的发展情况，及相关辅料的药理用途，以证明赵某专利不具备创造性，及没有与专利组分相等同的组分。
与案件有关的权利要求：1、一种抗菌消炎泡腾片剂，其特征在于该片剂每片含有甲硝唑0.18～0.22g、克霉唑0.14～0.176g、醋酸洗必泰0.0072～ 0.0088g和泡腾片辅料0.32 ～0.38g；2、如权利要求1所述的片剂，其中所述的泡腾剂辅料包括碳酸钠0.08～0.10g、枸橼酸0.08～0.10g、硼酸0.08g和淀粉0.08～0.10g；3、如权利要求2所述的片剂，每片还可含有吐温80 0.0002g及粘合剂和润滑剂适量；4、如权利要求1所述的片剂，特征在于该片剂每片含甲硝唑0.20g、克霉唑0.16g、醋酸洗必泰0.008g、碳酸钠0.10g、枸橼酸0.08、硼酸0.08g和淀粉0.10g、吐温80 0.0002g。
专利技术方案解决的技术问题：1、把三种活性成分一起使用，解决了实践中剂型单调、疗效单一的问题；2、采用泡腾片剂，相比栓剂、口服剂疗，直接作用于病灶，疗效好；3、本发明还具有抗厌氧菌、抗滴虫、抗阿米巴、抗真菌、抗需氧菌等作用，用于厌氧菌、滴虫、阿米巴、真菌、需氧菌之单纯或混合型感染所引起的妇科、肛肠科、皮肤科常见病，如盆腔炎、宫颈糜烂、阴道炎、内外痔、肛裂、肛瘘、直肠炎等。
天方公司双唑泰泡腾片组分极含量：
成分 每1000片含量 作用 成分 每1000片重量 作用
甲硝唑 200g 药剂活性成分 碳酸氢钠 230g 发泡剂 均属于药物辅料
克霉唑 160g 酒石酸 250g 发泡剂、崩解剂
醋酸氯已定 8g 交联羧甲基纤维素钠 10g 崩解剂
硬脂酸镁 10g 润滑剂
2.5%聚乙烯吡咯烷乙醇溶液 适量 粘合剂
注：为不直接涉及商业秘密，本案当事人名称做了相应处理，请勿对号入座。
【相关技术说明】
1、醋酸氯已定是醋酸洗必泰的别名；2、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠均属于碱性发泡剂；3、甲基纤维素钠和交联羧甲基纤维素钠均属于崩解剂，后者也称超级崩解剂；4、淀粉和2.5%聚乙烯吡咯烷乙醇溶液均是粘合剂；5、酒石酸和枸橼酸均属于酸性发泡剂，但采用枸橼酸做辅料，制造药品是，片剂容易粘在一起，片重不均匀也不光泽，采用酒石酸就克服了签署缺陷；6、吐温80属于表面活性剂，刺激细胞对药物的吸收。
【本专利有关的背景技术】
1、《药剂学》（86年版）对本专利三大活性成分的作用均已公开；2、《药品辅料大全》（93年版）对本专利中得泡腾剂辅料各组分作用做了详细介绍，对吐温80的作用（表面活性剂）也做了介绍；3、双唑泰栓（93年公开）的组分：甲硝唑 200g、克霉唑 160g、醋酸洗必泰 8g 、羊毛脂 适量、石蜡 适量、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯（38型） 适量；4、甲硝唑阴道泡腾片研究（91年公开）公开了甲硝唑泡腾片含有甲硝唑和泡腾剂辅料。
【天方药品与赵某专利对比】
天方药品活性成分与专利活性成分相同，含量也落入了专利活性成分限定的范围内，天方泡腾剂辅料供0.49g，未落入专利泡腾剂辅料含量的范围（0.32～0.38g），天方药品泡腾剂辅料的组分和含量也与专利权利要求2、3、4、列明的组分及含量不完全相同。
【判决结果】
一审法院认为天方药品活性成分及含量落入了专利权利要求1限定的范围，虽然泡腾剂辅料含量未落入权利要求1限定的范围，但二者构成等同，最终判决天方公司构成侵权，天方公司不服向山西省高级人民法院上诉，高级人民法院最终维持了一审判决。
【本案专利其他诉讼情况】
所有涉嫌侵权方药品的活性成分均落入权利要求1限定的范围，但泡腾剂辅料含量均未落入权利要求1限定的范围，且泡腾剂辅料具体组分也与权利要求2、3、4不完全相同。但判决结果分两类：一类是确认不侵权诉讼，在湖南、福建、山东都确认不侵权，理由基本都是：权利要求1具有创造性的技术特征是“泡腾剂辅料含量为0.32～0.38g”，含量限定范围清楚”， 使社会公众有理由相信专利权人选择该数值范围已经使其技术方案最佳化和权利最大化，对该技术特征不适宜适用等同原则，否则打破了专利授权时就已形成的专利权人与社会公众之间的利益平衡。进而判定不侵权。而在山西起诉的案件，法院均适用等同原则认定侵权，本案便是其中的一个。
第二部分：本案评述
本案基本事实已经查清，焦点问题只有一个即天方产品是否侵犯赵某专利权，天方药品活性成分及含量均落入了权利要求1限定范围，其区别仅在于泡腾剂辅料含量未落入权利要求1限定范围，故，认定是否侵权，关键是泡腾剂辅料的含量差异是否构成等同。大同法院的意见与其他地域法院的意见截然相反。笔者认为此案泡腾剂辅料含量不构成等同，不能适用等同侵权，理由如下：
1、从权利要求1的表述看，“泡腾剂辅料为0.32～0.38g”属于必要的且影响创造性的技术特征。根据《专利法实施细则》、《专利审查指南》的规定，独立权利要求应当记载技术方案的必要技术特征•••独立权利要求应先撰写前述部分再撰写特征部分，特征部分是现实权利要求具有创造性的技术特征，前述部分在前，特征部分在后•••组合物组分的含量影响组合物发明的创造性的，应当写明组分的含量。将泡腾剂的含量写入独立权利要求中，显然该技术特征是必要的技术特征，该技术特征位于整个权利要求技术特征的最后，充分说明该技术特征是创造性的技术特征，作为组合物，原告将组分的含量写入权利要求中，也说明该含量影响到组合物发明的创造性，属于创造性的技术特征。
2、赵某在本案专利无效宣告程序中认可该技术特征是与现有技术相区别的技术特征，且是具有创造性的技术特征。赵某公司在涉案专利第760X、760Y号无效宣告程序中，明确表述该专利相对于现有技术的区别特征在于辅料的含量仅为0.32～0.38g，这一区别技术特征产生了意外的疗效，属于创造性的技术特征，且这一表述在专利复审委的决定中得到了支持（详见天方药业新提交的证据目录及证据），基于被天方药业的承认及专利复审委的确认，完全可以认定该技术特征属于必要的且影响专利创造性的技术特征。
3、含量特征属于独立权利要求中唯一的创造性技术特征，不能适用适用等同原则。根据赵某公司在专利宣告无效程序中的陈述可知：本专利方案相对于现有技术的区别特征在于辅料组分和含量，而独立权利要求1没有写明辅料的组分，故其区别技术特征仅为辅料的重量，很显然如果对重量范围再适用等同原则，意味着权利要求1保护范围不再受辅料的重量为0.32～0.38g这一特征约束，势必导致独立权利要求1的保护范围扩大至现有技术，这对公众来说极不公平。
